B.Inggris ( Post 2 )

PRESENT TENSES

1.   Simple Present Tense (waktu sekarang)

Tense ini untuk menyatakan fakta, kebiasaan, dan kejadian yang terjadi pada saat sekarang ini.

A. Bentuk Nominal              B. Bentuk Verbal

Rumus :                                                           Rumus :

S + am/is/are + Verb                                       S + V1 (Es / s)

Contoh :                                                          Contoh :

He is handsome                                              He studies English

Rumus :                                               Rumus :

S + To be + Not + Verb                                  S + Do / Does + Not + V1

Contoh :                                                          Contoh :

He isn’t handsome                                           he doesn’t eat fried rice                    

Rumus :                                                                       Rumus :

To be + S + Verb                                            Do / Does + S + V1

Is he handsome                                                Do you talk to me

Keterangan :                      Keterangan :

Am  : I                                 Do    : You, They, We, I

Are  : We, They, You          Does : She, He, It

Is     : She, He, It

2.    Present Continuous Tense (sedang berlangsung)

Tense ini untuk membicarakan aksi yang sedang berlangsung sekarang atau rencana dimasa depan.

Rumus :

S + To be + V1-ing (Present Participle)

Contoh :

I’m driving a car to Bandung now.

Rumus :

S + To be + Not + V1-ing

Contoh :

I am not driving a car to Bandung now

Rumus :

To be + S + V1-ing

Contoh :

Am I driving a car to bandung now ?

Keterangan :  

Am  : I      

Are  : We, They, You 

Is     : She, He, It

3.     

Present Perfect Tense (telah dikerjakan)

Tense ini digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu aktivitas atau situasi yang telah dimulai di masa lalu dan telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu atau masih berlanjut sampai sekarang.

Rumus :

S + Have / Has + V3

Contoh :

I have lived in Cilegon for 3 months.

Rumus :

S + Have / Has + Not + V3

Contoh :

They haven’t met me

Rumus :

Have / Has + S + V3

Contoh :

Have they met me ?

Keterangan :

Has     : She, He, It

Have   : I, You, They, We

4.    

 Present Perfect Continuous Tense (telah sedang dikerjakan)

Tense ini untuk mengungkapkan aksi yang telah selesai pada suatu titik dimasa lampau atau aksi telah dimulai dimasa lalu dan terus berlanjut sampai sekarang.

Rumus :

S + Have / Has + been + V1-ing

Contoh :

They have been playing football

Rumus :

S + Have / Has + Not + Been + V1-ing

They haven’t been playing football

Rumus :

Have / Has + S + Been + V1-ing

Have they been playing football

Keterangan :

Has     : She, He, It

Have   : I, You, They, We

PAST TENSES

1.     Past Tense 

    Tense ini untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu kejadian terjadi dimasa lampau.

Rumus :

S + V2 + Adverb (kata keterangan)

Contoh :

The party started at 10.00 a.m.

Rumus :

S +  Did + Not + V1 + Adverb (kata keterangan)

Contoh :

      The party didn’t start at 10.00 a.m

        Rumus :

        Did + S + V1 + Adverb (kata keterangan)

  Contoh :

        Did the party start at 10.00 a.m

Pengecualian ketika predikat suatu kalimat bukan karta kerja, maka pengganti kata kerja tersebut WAS ( I, She, He, It )  or WERE ( We, They, You )

Rumus :

S + Was / Were + Adverb (kata keterangan)

Contoh :

They were student last year

Rumus :

S + Was / Were + Not + Adverb

Contoh :

I wasn’t student last year

Rumus :

Was/ Were + S + Adverb (Kata keterangan)

Were they student last year

2.    Past Continuous Tense

Tense ini digunakan untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu dimasa lampau.

Rumus :

S + Was / Were + V1-ing

Contoh :

The team was playing basketball all day yesterday.

Rumus :

S + Was / Were + Not +  V1-ing

Contoh :

We were not joking

Rumus :

Were / Was + S + V1-ing

Contoh :

Was I joking ?

Keterangan :

Was    : She, He, It, I

Were  : You, They, We

3.    Past Perfect Tense

Tense ini untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi telah selesai pada suatu titik di masa lalu sebelum aksi lainnya terjadi.

Rumus :

 S + had + Been + Past participle (V3) + Adverb ( kata keterangan )

Contoh :

My brother had been met me last week.

Rumus :

S + Had+ Not+ Been + V3 +  Adverb

Contoh :

Rini had not been met me last night

Rumus :

Had + Subject + V3 + Adverb

Contoh :

Had rini met me last night

4.    Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Tense ini digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu aksi (dengan durasi waktu tertentu) telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu dimasa lalu.

Rumus :

S + had + been + V1-ing (present participle)

Contoh :
The labors had been demonstrating for an hour when the manager came.

Rumus :

S + Had + Not + Been + V1-ing + Adverb ( kata keterangan )

Contoh :

They had been not going when the teacher called them yesterday.

Rumus :

Had + S + V1-ing + Adverb ( kata keterangan )

Contoh :

Had they going to school yesterday

FUTURE TENSE

1.     Simple Future Tense

Tense ini untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi terjadi dimasa depan, baik secara spontan, maupun terencana.

Rumus :
 S + will / Shall + V1

Contoh :

You will win the game.

Rumus :

S + Will / Shall + Not + V1

Contoh :

I shall not win the game

Rumus :

Will / Shall + S + V1

Contoh :

Shall I win the game 

Keterangan :

Shall    : I, We

Will     : You, She, He, It

2.    Future Continuous Tense

Tense ini untuk mengungkapkan aksi yang akan sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa depan.

Rumus :

S + Will / Shall + be + V1-ing (present participle)

Contoh :

He will be sleeping at 10 p.m.

Rumus :

S + Shall / Will + Not + Be + Ving

Contoh :

He will not be sleeping at 10 p.m

Rumus :

Shall / Will + S + Be + Ving

Contoh :

Will he be sleeping at 10 p.m

3.    Future Perfect Tense

Tense ini untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aktivitas akan sudah selesai pada suatu titik waktu di masa depan.

Rumus :

S + will / Shall + have + V3 (past participle)

Contoh :

At this time next month, I’ll have finished my English course.

Rumus :

S + Shall / Will + Not + Have + V3 (past participle)

Contoh :

At this time next month, I will not have finished my English course

Rumus :

Shall / Will + S + Have + V3 (past participle)

Contoh :

Will you have finished your english course tomorrow

4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Tense ini untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi akan sudah berlangsung selama sekian lama pada titik waktu tertentu di masa depan.

             Rumus :

             S + will / Shall + have + been + V1-ing

             Contoh :

             The cat will have been sleeping long when you go out

Rumus :

S + Shall / Will + Not + Have + Been + Ving

Contoh :

I shall not have been sleeping long when you leave home

Rumus :

Shall / Will + S + Have + Been + Ving

Contoh :

Will you have been sleeping long when you leave home